Crashed Model 299. When bombers crashed in Switzerland. [72], The first four drones were sent to Mimoyecques, the Siracourt V-1 bunker, Watten, and Wizernes on 4 August, causing little damage. Of the surviving aircraft, 17 were so badly damaged that they were scrapped. B-17 Is Shot Down (1943) - YouTube The British had been bombing from the air, but heavy losses forced them to switch to nighttime area bombing, greatly reducing its effectiveness. Photo-recon analysts never made the connection to it being a captured B-17 until after the war. [176] In a well-publicized mission on 12 May of the same year, three Y1B-17s "intercepted" and took photographs of the Italian ocean liner SS Rex 610 miles (980km) off the Atlantic coast. [85] These were augmented starting in July 1942 by 45 Fortress Mk IIA (B-17E) followed by 19 Fortress Mk II (B-17F) and three Fortress Mk III (B-17G). Dozens more are in storage or on static display. Four are airworthy. [122][124] Actual Japanese fighter losses for the day were seven destroyed and three damaged. [122] Five of the Japanese fighters strafing the B-17 aircrew were promptly engaged and shot down by three Lightnings, though these were also then lost. [78] While the Short Stirling and Handley Page Halifax became its primary bombers by 1941, in early 1940, the RAF entered into an agreement with the U.S. Army Air Corps to acquire 20 B-17Cs, which were given the service name Fortress I. This was operated by German-speaking radio operators who were to identify and jam German ground controllers' broadcasts to their nightfighters. [160][170], B-17s were used by the CIA front companies Civil Air Transport, Air America and Intermountain Aviation for special missions. Major General Frank Maxwell Andrews of the GHQ Air Force believed that the capabilities of large four-engined aircraft exceeded those of shorter-ranged, twin-engined aircraft, and that the B-17 was better suited to new, emerging USAAC doctrine. [160][168] PB-1Ws continued in USN service until 1955, gradually being phased out in favor of the Lockheed WV-2 (known in the USAF as the EC-121, a designation adopted by the USN in 1962), a military version of the Lockheed 1049 Constellation commercial airliner. The bombardier essentially took over flight control of the aircraft during the bomb run, maintaining a level altitude during the final moments before release. Frisbee, John L. "Valor: Colin Kelly (He was a Hero in Legend and in Fact). One of the most significant weapons of World War II would be ready, but only by a hair. [104], Such high losses of aircrews could not be sustained, and the USAAF, recognizing the vulnerability of heavy bombers to interceptors when operating alone, suspended daylight bomber raids deep into Germany until the development of an escort fighter that could protect the bombers all the way from the United Kingdom to Germany and back. Wagner, Ray, "American Combat Planes of the 20th Century", Reno, Nevada, 2004, Jack Bacon & Company, This page was last edited on 24 February 2023, at 16:26. It carried Swiss national white cross insignia in red squares on both sides of its rudder, fuselage sides, and on the topside and underside wings. [41], Opposition to the air corps' ambitions for the acquisition of more B-17s faded, and in late 1937, 10 more aircraft designated B-17B were ordered to equip two bombardment groups, one on each U.S. They were also used to provide search and rescue support for B-29 raids against Japan. How many B 52 bombers were shot down in Vietnam? - 2023 [7] The USAAF bombers attacked by day, with British operations chiefly against industrial cities by night. After Dallas airshow crash, how many B-17s are still flying? Study now. How many b17 bombers were lost in ww2? - Answers The four-engine plane typically carried a crew of 10, several of whom. Tora! ", "Second-Generation Norden Bombsight Vault", "Aviation Photography: B-17 Flying Fortress. [28], A total of 155 B-17s of all variants were delivered between 11 January 1937 and 30 November 1941, but production quickly accelerated, with the B-17 once holding the record for the highest production rate for any large aircraft. Operational History. [128], At their peak, 168 B-17 bombers were in the Pacific theater in September 1942, but already in mid-1942 Gen. Arnold had decided that the B-17 was unsuitable for the kind of operations required in the Pacific and made plans to replace all of the B-17s in the theater with B-24s (and later, B-29s) as soon as they became available. [citation needed], The B-17 was noted for its ability to absorb battle damage, still reach its target and bring its crew home safely. [7] Of the roughly 1.5 million tons of bombs dropped on Nazi Germany and its occupied territories by U.S. aircraft, over 640 000 tons (42.6%) were dropped from B-17s.[8]. [11] It combined features of the company's experimental XB-15 bomber and 247 transport. Gr. During World War II approximately 40 B-17s were captured and refurbished by Germany after crash-landing or being forced down, with about a dozen put back into the air. [95] The raid helped allay British doubts about the capabilities of American heavy bombers in operations over Europe. The prototype B-17 Bomber was built at the company's own expense and was a fusion of the features of Boeing XB-15 and Boeing 247 Transport Aircraft. Over 5,000 B-17 bombers were lost in combat missions in world war II. [102] Of the 291 attacking Fortresses, 60 were shot down over Germany, five crashed on approach to Britain, and 12 more were scrapped due to damage a loss of 77 B-17s. In the infamous "Black Thursday" raid of 14 October 1943, B-17 gunners claimed 288 German fighter aircraft kills whereas in actuality about 40 were shot down. Leonard "Smitty" Smith Humiston, co-pilot on First Lieutenant Robert H. Richards' B-17C, AAF S/N 40-2049, reported that he thought the U.S. Navy was giving the flight a 21-gun salute to celebrate the arrival of the bombers, after which he realized that Pearl Harbor was under attack. The problem was there was no easy way to hit Germany, as a cross-channel invasion of Europe was still years away. This led to more widespread conversion of B-17s as drones and drone control aircraft, both for further use in atomic testing and as targets for testing surface-to-air and air-to-air missiles. The Name How effective was WWII bombers self defense anti-air armament? The aircraft was powered by four Pratt & Whitney R-1690 Hornet radial engines, each producing 750 hp (600 kW) at 7,000 ft (2,100 m). There are very few films left in existence showing the Me 262 in action, especially shooting down allied bombers with P-51 escorts. As he maneuvered his unarmed B-17 bomber over the island of Oahu, U.S. Army Lt. Robert Thacker was puzzled. At the Arcadia Conference, held in Washington, DC, from December 24, 1941 to January 14, 1942, the Western Allies agreed to a Germany First policy to govern global strategy, but the question where to engage Germany, and when, remained unsettled. How many b17 are still flying? They also believed they had an aircraft which could fight its way in and out of the target area, unescorted, and return home safely. [130], B-17s were still used in the Pacific later in the war, however, mainly in the combat search and rescue role. In 1942, when Eighth Air Force heavy bombers based in Britain first went operational in Europe, they mostly flew what were termed "milk runs" over France, accompanied by fighter escorts. [79][80] On 24 July three B-17s of 90 Squadron took part in a raid on the German capital ship Gneisenau and Prinz Eugen anchored in Brest from 30,000ft (9,100 m), with the objective of drawing German fighters away from 18 Handley Page Hampdens attacking at lower altitudes, and in time for 79 Vickers Wellingtons to attack later with the German fighters refuelling. Gr. These included B-17G 44-85531, registered as N809Z. [125][126] The remaining seven transports and three of the eight destroyers were then sunk by a combination of low level strafing runs by Royal Australian Air Force Beaufighters, and skip bombing by USAAF North American B-25 Mitchells at 100ft (30m), while B-17s claimed five hits from higher altitudes. Work on using B-17s to carry airborne lifeboats had begun in 1943, but they entered service in the European theater only in February 1945. [154], During the Allied bomber offensive, U.S. and British bombers sometimes flew into Swiss airspace, either because they were damaged or, on rare occasions, accidentally bombing Swiss cities. The Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress is an American four-engine heavy bomber used by the United States Army Air Forces and other Allied air forces during World War II. [25] Army Chief of Staff Malin Craig cancelled the order for 65 YB-17s, and ordered 133 of the twin-engined Douglas B-18 Bolo, instead.[19][20]. Ramsey, Winston G. "The V-Weapons". For the video game, see. The AAF's worst accident rate was recorded by the A-36 Invader version of the P-51: a staggering 274 accidents per 100,000 flying hours. The plane was pulled out of front-line service and used as a transport plane and even drones. Almost all of the other bombers suffered some level of damage. M/SGT Michael Arooth shot down 17 enemy aircraft to reach triple "Ace" status. [76] The British heavy bombers, the Avro Lancaster and Handley Page Halifax, dropped 608,612 long tons (681,645 short tons) and 224,207 long tons (251,112 short tons)[77] respectively. The bomber's topside surfaces were repainted a dark olive drab, but retained its light gray under wing and lower fuselage surfaces. [citation needed] It was subsequently used in various films and in the 1960s television show 12 O'Clock High before being retired to the Planes of Fame aviation museum in Chino, California. Though many were shot down, many more severely damaged aircraft were able to return their crews safely to base. [177][note 5], Many pilots who flew both the B-17 and the B-24 preferred the B-17 for its greater stability and ease in formation flying. Donald, David. [9] Requirements were for it to carry a "useful bombload" at an altitude of 10,000ft (3,000m) for 10 hours with a top speed of at least 200mph (320km/h).[10]. ", Frisbee, John L. "Valor: One Turning and One Burning. [140] Despite an inferior performance and smaller bombload than the more numerous B-24 Liberators,[179] a survey of Eighth Air Force crews showed a much higher rate of satisfaction with the B-17. The iconic bomber of the European theater, the Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress, carried the fight to the Germans in the skies over Europe. Did any American B-17 crewman ever shoot down a German fighter plane while flying over Germany during World War II? The "D" model, later deemed an obsolescent design, was used in Japanese training and propaganda films. [17], At the fly-off, the four-engined Boeing's performance was superior to those of the twin-engined DB-1 and Model 146. [33] The mission was successful and widely publicized. It was a relatively fast, high-flying, long-range bomber with heavy defensive armament at the expense of bombload. The B-17s were primarily involved in the daylight precision strategic bombing campaign against German targets ranging from U-boat pens, docks, warehouses, and airfields to industrial targets such as aircraft factories. [6] But it was primarily employed by the USAAF in the daylight strategic bombing campaign over Europe, complementing RAF Bomber Command's night-time area bombing of German industrial, military and civilian targets. Gift of Peggy Wallace, 2010.308.048, The B-17 was legendary for its toughness as this photo shows a bomber that survived its nose being crushed and returned to its base in England, 1944-45. Those who survived the initial onslaught and did not manage to flee, had to eke out a living on a battleground ravaged by incessant bombardment and street fighting. [111], By September 1944, 27 of the 42 bomb groups of the 8th Air Force and six of the 21 groups of the 15th Air Force used B-17s. Between 1 March and 4 August 1937, 12 of the 13 Y1B-17s were delivered to the 2nd Bombardment Group at Langley Field in Virginia for operational development and flight tests. They also desired, but did not require, a range of 2,000mi (3,200km) and a speed of 250mph (400km/h). [50] The B-17C changed from three bulged, oval-shaped gun blisters to two flush, oval-shaped gun window openings, and on the lower fuselage, a single "bathtub" gun gondola housing,[51] which resembled the similarly configured and located Bodenlafette/"Bola" ventral defensive emplacement on the German Heinkel He 111P-series medium bomber. [150][151] One B-17 of KG200, bearing the Luftwaffe's KG 200 Geschwaderkennung (combat wing code) markings A3+FB, was interned by Spain when it landed at Valencia airfield, 27 June 1944, remaining there for the rest of the war. As many as half a million civilians remained in Stalingrad when the Germans approached in the late summer of 1942. [163] They were used primarily in the "Dumbo" air-sea rescue role, but were also used for iceberg patrol duties and for photo mapping. The RAF's No. As the Americans flew further into Europe and Germany, the missions became deadlier. 21 never had a major effect on the combat box formations of Fortresses. Trescott, Jacqueline. As the war intensified, Boeing used feedback from aircrews to improve each new variant with increased armament and armor. 60 B-52s Shot Down In One Day? Today's U.S. Air Force Can - Forbes Tora! Blast damage was caused over a radius of 5 miles (8.0km). For many, the B-17 is the iconic bomber of the war, and the Flying Fortress"remains a symbol of American might. [69] Many B-17Gs were converted for other missions such as cargo hauling, engine testing, and reconnaissance. Special airdrop B-17s supported Australian commandos operating near the Japanese stronghold at Rabaul, which had been the primary B-17 target in 1942 and early 1943. "Books of The Times; How Both Sides' Artists Saw World War II" (review). Footage from Twelve O' Clock High was also used, along with three restored B-17s, in the 1962 film The War Lover. [131] These aircraft were nicknamed Dumbos, and remained in service for many years after the end of World War II.[132]. An overwhelming majority of them were women and children. Shores, Christopher, Brian Cull and Yasuho Izawa. John Keema of the 390th Bomb Group said, "No matter the target they were defending, they were balls to the wall. . These aircraft were painted dark blue, the standard Navy paint scheme which had been adopted in late 1944. World War 2 . Frisbee, John L. "Valor: Crisis in the Cockpit". Many had dozens of aerial victories; some had over 100. [175] Six bombers of the 2nd Bombardment Group took off from Langley Field on 15 February 1938 as part of a goodwill flight to Buenos Aires, Argentina. One of the two "E" Flying Fortresses was photographed late in the war by U. S. aerial recon. [107][108], A third raid on Schweinfurt on 24 February 1944 highlighted what came to be known as "Big Week",[109] during which the bombing missions were directed against German aircraft production. Some SB-17s had their defensive guns removed, while others retained their guns to allow use close to combat areas. No products in the cart. [citation needed], In July 1945, 16 B-17s were transferred to the Coast Guard via the Navy; these aircraft were initially assigned U.S. Navy Bureau Numbers (BuNo), but were delivered to the Coast Guard designated as PB-1Gs beginning in July 1946. These losses were a result of concentrated attacks by over 300 German fighters. Linn joined The National WWII Museum staff in 2014 andservedas a Curator until 2020. On 3 March 1943, 13 B-17s flying at 7,000ft (2,000m) bombed the convoy, forcing the convoy to disperse and reducing the concentration of their anti-aircraft defenses. How many B-17s were shot down? - Wise-Answer [citation needed] After the defeat in Java, the 19th withdrew to Australia, where it continued in combat until it was sent home by General George C. Kenney when he arrived in Australia in mid-1942. How many B-17 were shot down over Germany? These modifications resulted in a 20% increase in aircraft weight. A Fortress IIA from No. [34][35] The 13th Y1B-17 was delivered to the Material Division at Wright Field, Ohio, to be used for flight testing. ", "WWII gunner 'Babe' Broyhill dies: Set record for downing Nazi jets", "100th Bomb Group Foundation Personnel LT COL Robert ROSENTHAL", "The Memphis Belle: A Story of a Flying Fortress (1944). Frisbee, John L. "Valor: The Right Touch". The adoption of the 21 cm Nebelwerfer-derived Werfer-Granate 21 (Wfr. The SB-17 served through the Korean War, remaining in service with USAF until the mid-1950s. British authorities were anxious that no similar accidents should again occur, and the Aphrodite project was scrapped in early 1945. Posted on . Life and Death Aboard a B-17, 1944 - EyeWitness to History In early 1942, the 7th Bombardment Group began arriving in Java with a mixed force of B-17s and LB-30/B-24s. 7375, 15859. "Boeing's Battle Wagon: The B-17 Flying Fortress An Outline History". While the US had less than 200 at the start of the war, more than 12,000 B-17s were produced by the end and served in every theater. [173], The B-17, a versatile aircraft, served in dozens of USAAF units in theaters of combat throughout World WarII, and in other roles for the RAF. 'Black Thursday': The bleakest day for U.S. Army Air Forces in World War II During a bombing mission on July 5, 1943, Warner shot down 7 German fighters, for which he was given the Distinguished Service Cross. A sobering statistic: Out of 1,419 Loaches built, 842 were destroyed in Vietnam, most shot down and many others succumbing to crashes resulting from low-level flying. The Me 262, however, had moderate success against the B-17 late in the war. [20] The YB-17 incorporated a number of significant changes from the Model 299, including more powerful Wright R-1820-39 Cyclone engines. Captured B-17 Bombers in World War II - warhistoryonline ", "B-17 Flying Fortress to join CF - the Collings Foundation", "414th Squadron Planes and Crews circa 1943", "Memphis Belle bomber newly restored and unveiled at US Air Force museum", "Going from lucky in love to lucky to be alive in 1943", "The Swoose comes home to roost at the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force", "A Higher Call: autographed by JG 27 Bf-109 ace Franz Stigler and Charlie Brown of the B-17 "Ye Olde Pub", "Airpower Classics: B-17 Flying Fortress. [19][20], On 30 October 1935, a test flight determining the rate of climb and service ceiling was planned. AFA Statement on Loss of Historic B-17: Painful Reminder of the It was a four engine, heavy bomber which first flew on July 28, 1935. how many b17s were shot down during ww2. Losses were relatively low - below the 5% threshold that was the. Air Corps doctrine dictated bombing runs from high altitude, but they soon found only 1% of their bombs hit targets. The campaign in North Africa began with a daring Anglo-American commando raid code-named Operation RESERVIST. [160] At first, these aircraft operated under their original USAAF designations, but on 31 July 1945 they were assigned the naval aircraft designation PB-1, a designation which had originally been used in 1925 for the Boeing Model 50 experimental flying boat. Two experimental versions of the B-17 were flown under different designations, the XB-38 Flying Fortress and the YB-40 Flying Fortress. The FEAF lost half its aircraft during the first strike,[117] and was all but destroyed over the next few days. [166] Perhaps the most famous B-17, the Memphis Belle, has been restored with the B-17D The Swoose under way to her World War II wartime appearance by the National Museum of the United States Air Force at Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. A large radome for an S-band AN/APS-20 search radar was fitted underneath the fuselage and additional internal fuel tanks were added for longer range, with the provision for additional underwing fuel tanks. At the same time, the German nightfighting ability noticeably improved to counter the nighttime strikes, challenging the conventional faith in the cover of darkness. Wiki User. [129] Surviving aircraft were reassigned to the 54th Troop Carrier Wing's special airdrop section and were used to drop supplies to ground forces operating in close contact with the enemy. Mayday! It was not until the advent of long-range fighter escorts (particularly the North American P-51 Mustang) and the resulting degradation of the Luftwaffe as an effective interceptor force between February and June 1944, that the B-17 became strategically potent. Some of the German pilots had been flying in combat since 1936. As sufficient Consolidated Liberators finally became available, Coastal Command withdrew the Fortress from the Azores, transferring the type to the meteorological reconnaissance role. Clearly, something had to be done because the bomber was not getting through. (U.S. Air Force photo) The Boeing B-17 was one of the primary heavy bombers built by the United States during World War II. An early model YB-17 also appeared in the 1938 film Test Pilot with Clark Gable and Spencer Tracy, and later with Clark Gable in Command Decision in 1948, in Tora! Boeing B-17 Flying Fortress - The National WWII Museum Best Answer. Wiki User. Bigger WWII bombers like e.g. [136][137] Luftwaffe fighter pilots likened attacking a B-17 combat box formation to encountering a fliegendes Stachelschwein, "flying porcupine", with dozens of machine guns in a combat box aimed at them from almost every direction. ", "Giant Bomber Flies Four Miles Per Minute. How many German fighters did the B17 and B24 shoot down during - Quora Moreover, German fighter aircraft later developed the tactic of high-speed strafing passes rather than engaging with individual aircraft to inflict damage with minimum risk. 945 Magazine Street, New Orleans, LA 70130 how many b17s were shot down during ww2 - bagtical.com Lieutenant General James Doolittle, commander of the 8th, had ordered the second Schweinfurt mission to be cancelled as the weather deteriorated, but the lead units had already entered hostile air space and continued with the mission. in 1970, and in Memphis Belle with Matthew Modine, Eric Stoltz, Billy Zane, and Harry Connick Jr. in 1990. But help soon arrived when the North American P-51 Mustang began to reach the beleaguered Eighth Air Force in large enough numbers to make a difference. B-17 Flying Fortress in World War II - ThoughtCo The oldest of these is a D-series flown in combat in the Pacific on the first day of the United States' involvement in World War II. [133] Defensive armament increased from four 0.50in (12.7mm) machine guns and one 0.30in (7.62mm) nose machine gun in the B-17C, to thirteen 0.50in (12.7mm) machine guns in the B-17G. [143] This durability, together with the large operational numbers in the Eighth Air Force and the fame achieved by the Memphis Belle, made the B-17 a key bomber aircraft of the war. It also developed a reputation for toughness based upon stories and photos of badly damaged B-17s safely returning to base. Subjects > Humanities > History. [100], A second attempt on Schweinfurt on 14 October 1943 later came to be known as "Black Thursday". The ammunition load was over 11,000 rounds. Over 5,000 B-17 bombers were lost in combat missions in world war II. Answer (1 of 12): Yes but the kill ratio generally favored attacking fighters. He finished the war with 9 enemy planes destroyed. [105] German fighters needed to respond, and the North American P-51 Mustang and Republic P-47 Thunderbolt fighters (equipped with improved drop tanks to extend their range) accompanying the American heavies all the way to and from the targets engaged them. Footage of a B-17 bombing raid that was attacked by German flak and Bf-109's in which bombers are hit and shot down. One of the worst days of the war for the B-17 and its crewmen was the second raid on German ball bearing production in Schweinfurt, Germany on October 14, 1943. It had a crew of ten and could carry 6,000 pounds of bombs at 300 miles per hour for a range of 2,000 miles. Of the 13 YB-17s ordered for service testing, 12 were used by the 2nd Bomb Group of Langley Field, Virginia, to develop heavy bombing techniques, and the 13th was used for flight testing at the Material Division at Wright Field, Ohio. How many B-17s were lost during the Second World War? The 19th Bombardment Group had deployed to Clark Field in the Philippines a few weeks before the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor as the first of a planned heavy bomber buildup in the Pacific. The U.S. produced an amazing 276,000 aircraft during World War II, with 16 new B-17s per day rolling out of the factories per day by April 1944. Many historians have written about the famous Buffalo Soldiers of the all-Black 92nd Infantry Division, who fought with distinction during World War II. [112], On 7 December 1941, a group of 12 B-17s of the 38th (four B-17C) and 88th (eight B-17E) Reconnaissance Squadrons, en route to reinforce the Philippines, was flown into Pearl Harbor from Hamilton Field, California, arriving while the surprise attack on Pearl Harbor was going on. [114], By 1941, the Far East Air Force (FEAF) based at Clark Field in the Philippines had 35 B-17s, with the War Department eventually planning to raise that to 165. [123] The allied fighter pilots claimed 15 Zeros destroyed, while the B-17 crews claimed five more. Relatively fast and high-flying for a bomber of its era, the B-17 was used primarily in the European Theater of Operations and dropped more bombs than any other aircraft during World War II. What was the life expectancy of a B-17 crewman flying over - Quora "Boeing Model 299 (B-17 Flying Fortress).". These aircraft were primarily used for agent drop missions over the People's Republic of China, flying from Taiwan, with Taiwanese crews. All of these modifications made the YB-40 well over 10,000lb (4,500kg) heavier than a fully loaded B-17F. [98], Operation Pointblank opened with attacks on targets in Western Europe. ", "Question How many bomber flight crews completed their 25 missions to go home?". The Fortress came under fire from Japanese fighter aircraft, though the crew was unharmed with the exception of one member who suffered an abrasion on his hand. [75] In the campaign against German aircraft forces in preparation for the invasion of France, B-17 and B-24 raids were directed against German aircraft production while their presence drew the Luftwaffe fighters into battle with Allied fighters.[7]. [21] Doyle notes, "The loss of Hill and Tower, and the Model 299, was directly responsible for the creation of the modern written checklist used by pilots to this day. Forty-five planes survive in complete form, 38 in the United States. [clarification needed] Stories circulated of B-17s returning to base with tails shredded, engines destroyed and large portions of their wings destroyed by flak. B-17 pilot flew unexpectedly into the middle of Japanese attack on It was a very effective weapons system, dropping more bombs during the . [103] Early versions of the Fw 190, one of the best German interceptor fighters, were equipped with two 20mm (0.79in) MG FF cannons, which carried only 500 rounds when belt-fed (normally using 60-round drum magazines in earlier installations), and later with the better Mauser MG 151/20 cannons, which had a longer effective range than the MG FF weapon. [99], Since the airfield bombings were not appreciably reducing German fighter strength, additional B-17 groups were formed, and Eaker ordered major missions deeper into Germany against important industrial targets. Borth 1945, pp. [14] The most distinct mount was in the nose, which allowed the single machine gun to be fired toward nearly all frontal angles.
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